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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
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    • CommentAuthorowlman
    • CommentTimeJul 6th 2023
     
    Interesting, it seems VTG or VTH may not be far off.

    https://www.dcbel.energy/uk/technology/
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJul 6th 2023
     
    A friend of mine was doing vehicle to home bi directional charging 6 years ago as part of a research project.

    I am unconvinced how bright it is to use the batteries in a vehicle for this purpose

    The outturn for us as a nation will be increased energy use as the inefficiencies add to total energy used

    My hobby is reducing energy use
    • CommentAuthorjms452
    • CommentTimeJul 6th 2023 edited
     
    Posted By: tonyThe outturn for us as a nation will be increased energy use as the inefficiencies add to total energy used



    i.m.o. batteries make more sense as a nation than as a household.

    i.e. sometimes the UK has more electricity than we can manage and other times we use inefficient power stations to get us out of fix (Low efficiency open cycle cycle gas turbines or even diesel generators).

    If anyone is keen to use the middle of the range of their car battery to mitigate either or both of the above this has to be a good thing.

    It all depends where you draw the boundary for the system efficiency :bigsmile:
    • CommentAuthorcjard
    • CommentTimeJul 8th 2023
     
    My workplace has just completed a research project on this very thing; it worked out well though everything is limited (nothing supports it properly, and it's clearly never been tested). Most impressive were the machines that run simulations of national grids, to study the effects of changes before they're implemented for real

    The ability to smooth out the peaks and troughs in grid demand and supply is very useful in making best use of the infrastructure we have, and matching up the disparity between when renewable is generated and when it is required. Having the ability to transport electricity around like we do carbon fuels also has its uses; how many people carry a power bank as backup for their phone rather than hoping they can plug their phone in in a supermarket and hide it down the back of a freezer for half an hour?

    Disagree with dcbel's assertion that you need a DC charger to charge your car off your solar panels, but it seems the world is shifting back towards Edison. We had to go Tesla for a while because it just wasn't feasible to have a power station on every corner to make a DC network work, and huge scale central power generation and delivery was the way it had to go.. but now it's looking more like having a power station on every corner, and storing and forwarding power on a micro scale

    Don't disagree with the notion of reduce reuse recycle, but the population isn't getting smaller, so everyone reducing is constantly being defeated by increasing numbers of reduced usage..
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 8th 2023 edited
     
    Posted By: cjardeveryone reducing is constantly being defeated by increasing numbers of reduced usage
    But that can reverse (reducing resource-intensity defeats extra use) - just a matter of emerging technologies plus public wish/will. Of couse, if you belive public wish/will is iredeemably greedy, to cash-in every resource-intensity reduction into extra use plus a bit, then we really are doomed, might as well pack up and go home now. That's the real challenge - a worldwide understanding that we are 'nature', so can't beat it, and live within it accordingly.
    • CommentAuthorcjard
    • CommentTimeJul 9th 2023
     
    Hear here!

    https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/

    We're not just doomed, we're absolutely f...
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 9th 2023
     
    Posted By: fostertomthat can reverse (reducing resource-intensity defeats extra use)
    even with extra population - there's huge scope for resource-use reduction, given
    Posted By: fostertoma worldwide understanding that we are 'nature', so can't beat it, and live within it accordingly
    which is not out of the question.

    That pop website is brilliant - and scary - but note that the curve is due to level in 'only' 78yrs time and then presumably fall. Tho, with the other elephant in the room (undiscussed prime threat, prob not figured into the trend so far) being the inevitability of ever-increasing novel virus/epidemics due to human disturbance of ecosystems, pop trend could change overnight.

    Elsewhere on the website - total deaths so far this year = slightly (!00,000) more than total births this year. Explain that!
  1.  
    Those averages hide a lot of details:
    - population growth is very heavily concentrated into sub Saharan Africa, where resource consumption is low
    -populations in resource-consuming regions such as Europe, China, India are levelling off or even starting to fall
    - there are many more older people in these regions, and not enough younger people coming through to replace them

    https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/23/baby-crisis-europe-brink-depopulation-disaster


    Like Tom said, it's perfectly possible for large populations to get much richer while using less resources eg
    UK is emitting half the GHGs that we were last century, our emissions per head are now below what they were in the mid 1800s
    https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prod-cons-co2-per-capita
  2.  
    Back on topic - does anyone know what's happening with VW Audi Skoda bidirectional charging - there were a load of announcements last year that this would be introduced by a simple software update, but seems that didn't happen - anyone know more?
    • CommentAuthorowlman
    • CommentTimeJul 9th 2023 edited
     
    I wasn't aware that VW were researching, the subject though it doesn't surprise me.
    I had read the Nissan has done extensive research into VTG. My electrician now tells me that in the US, first generation Nissan Leafs are now being bought purely as home batteries. Nissan are also offering battery upgrades.
    • CommentAuthorRobinB
    • CommentTimeJul 11th 2023 edited
     
    There's a list here - not quite H2L I guess but still useful.
    https://zecar.com/resources/which-electric-cars-have-bidirectional-charging
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 12th 2023 edited
     
    • CommentAuthorowlman
    • CommentTimeJul 12th 2023
     
    From that article:--

    Tesla took its first step into the British market three years ago by applying to the energy regulator for Great Britain to be an electricity generator. Ofgem granted its licence in June 2020.

    At the time, industry observers speculated that Tesla might be planning to build large-scale battery storage projects in the UK, after its success building a 100MW storage scheme in less than 100 days in Australia.


    Already done AFAIK

    https://www.insidermedia.com/news/yorkshire/battery-energy-storage-facility-brought-online
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeJul 12th 2023
     
    "We would also like to thank Wilson Power Solutions, in Leeds, for its efforts, which for the first time saw them finishing their transformers in white to match the Tesla Megapacks." :bigsmile: :cool: So important.
    • CommentAuthorwookey
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    Aside:
    <blockquote>note that the curve is due to level in 'only' 78yrs time</blockquote>
    Those UN figures are widely agreed to be innaccurate and most demographers reckon peak population is most likely to be in 2055 (i.e only 30 years) at a little over 9 billion. Which is a lot better than 10.5-11 billion in 2070. Essentially the factors reducing birthrates are accelerating, so historical data is no longer a good guide to the rate of change. Read 'Empty Planet' by Ibottsen and Bricker (or listen to an interview to get the basics). We'll find out who is right soon enough.

    Back on bidirectional charging: AC bidirectional charging is just becoming available. Wallbox do one I believe and Pionix have published an open design: https://github.com/PionixPublic/reference-hardware which I hope will produce relatively cheap hardware soon. A few cars already work (the eGMP ones from Kia and Hyundai). But most refuse to 'uncharge' currently, despite having the relevant hardware built in. You can ask VW-group cars to do this, and the negotiation goes OK, but as soon as you try to draw current out it notices that the 'charging' is going backwards and disconnects. This should be fixed in software soon, but they've not promied anything yet. I believe there are other proprietary options used by fleet operators, but don't know any details.

    All this is rather frustrating if you are actually trying to buy an EV (or charger) at the moment. The protocols exist and are reasonably open but the cars mostly don't enable it yet, and almost no chargers are available.
    • CommentAuthorphiledge
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    Isn't the unavailability of bidirectional chargers and cars because they arent approved for use in the UK?? I suspect that the countries DNOs may also be concerned about unmanaged high potential export into the grid if and when V2H/V2G becomes more commonplace??
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    Posted By: philedgeI suspect that the countries DNOs may also be concerned about unmanaged high potential export into the grid if and when V2H/V2G becomes more commonplace??
    I don't think the problem will be much worse than for the existing possibilities of PV panels and batteries? Presumably the same G98/G99 limits & procedures apply, so it's not exactly unmanaged.
  3.  
    Phil, the other way round - the power industry are very keen on V2G and Smart charging because it smooths out peaks and troughs in demand. Otherwise, they will have to build a lot more grid storage, and upgrade distribution wiring everywhere.

    V2G are subject to the same G98/99 controls as home batteries or PV inverters, to not mess up frequency or voltage, and all new EV chargers have to support 'smart' operation in future (IE remotely disconnect-able).

    (Edit- post crossed)
    • CommentAuthorjms452
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    Posted By: wookeyThe protocols exist and are reasonably open but the cars mostly don't enable it yet,


    That means the situation is actually better than I thought!

    Since our EV's been on the drive a bit more recently it's been working beautifully with the Zappi to suck up all the near zero value solar PV that would have been exported in the middle of the days. Being able to sell that back in the evening really would be game changing.

    As EV batteries are pretty massive if you only discharge at 3kW you naturally get significant interday storage/smoothing too.
  4.  
    I'm yet to be convinced that V2G won't wear the batteries out prematurely, that is if batteries have a given number of charge/discharge cycles I would prefer to use mine for transport rather than feeding into the grid.

    Having said that over here I am on an annual reconciliation for my PV export /grid import so V2G has no financial incentive.

    Next year new PV contracts will be on monthly reconciliation - bad for consumers with PV but financially advantageous for the providers.
    • CommentAuthorphiledge
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    Posted By: WillInAberdeenPhil, the other way round - the power industry are very keen on V2G and Smart charging because it smooths out peaks and troughs in demand. Otherwise, they will have to build a lot more grid storage, and upgrade distribution wiring everywhere.

    V2G are subject to the same G98/99 controls as home batteries or PV inverters, to not mess up frequency or voltage, and all new EV chargers have to support 'smart' operation in future (IE remotely disconnect-able).

    (Edit- post crossed)


    Isn't all the above smartness/management a plan for the future which is why V2G isnt approved, AFAIK. That being the case would explain the limited charger/vehicle availability which I was commenting on.
  5.  
    Yes, it's pretty slow coming available.

    "The Electric Vehicles (Smart Charge Points) Regulations 2021" came into force last year - all new chargers now have to be "smart" hardware, though you don't yet have to use it 'smartly'.

    A very few tariffs are coming through that take advantage of the smartness, innovation in the electricity tariff market has been slowed right down by the recent consolidation.

    eg
    Octopus "will pair directly with your car’s charging system [or smart charger], using machine-learning to find the best time to charge. Simply use the app to tell us when you need the car charged and how much charge you need and we’ll make sure it’s ready for use." They choose when exactly to supply you, and in exchange you get a cheaper price.

    Don't think anyone does a full-scale bi-directional smart tariff yet, there's various 'pilot' trials.
    • CommentAuthorphiledge
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    AFAIK various trials have been and gone a while ago. I guess we're in the head scratching stage working out how its all going to work
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    Posted By: WillInAberdeenOctopus "will pair directly with your car’s charging system [or smart charger], using machine-learning to find the best time to charge. Simply use the app to tell us when you need the car charged and how much charge you need and we’ll make sure it’s ready for use." They choose when exactly to supply you, and in exchange you get a cheaper price.
    I don't understand the idea of those sort of tariffs. I use an 'smart' Ohme charger and had to disable a lot of the smarts (on Ohme's advice) in order to get it to actually charge my car when I wanted. For example there's a 'charge when cheap' option but that disregards your actual tariff?! My car also has some smarts and I have to turn those off too (apart from the charge limit that I use to control how full the battery gets). I asked Octopus why I needed yet another set of smarts adding to the system and haven't had a sensible answer yet. Their Intelligent Octopus looks like the most sensible of their offerings, and I'm currently considering it but not yet convinced. If it works it might save me £1000 a year.
    • CommentAuthorowlman
    • CommentTimeJul 21st 2023
     
    An industry standard may be a sticking point and I'm sure DNOs will have a great say, in order to protect networks. Export tariffs at present require an export MPAN which may be another small hurdle.
    Add to that, the various committee-s, with every man and their dogs wanting input and it could be awhile.
    • CommentAuthorjms452
    • CommentTimeJul 23rd 2023
     
    Posted By: Peter_in_HungaryI'm yet to be convinced that V2G won't wear the batteries out prematurely, that is if batteries have a given number of charge/discharge cycles I would prefer to use mine for transport rather than feeding into the grid.


    Viewing battery life as a number of full discharge cycles means the battery is being (ab)used very badly.
    My understanding is that with a Li ion when you charge the battery to 100% then run it down towards 0% you degrade it significantly over 500-1000 cycles. If you keep the battery voltage steady and shuttle around the middle of the range (20-80%) you can keep going until battery life become pretty much academic compared to life of everything else in a car.

    There's studies that claim gently using the battery around the middle of the range actually beats just sitting there doing nothing in terms of battery life.


    e.g. the first recent paper I found on it:
    'the proposed charging strategies do not accelerate battery degradation and are capable of mitigating the total
    ageing process'
    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9617644
  6.  
    EV batteries and coolants are typically designed to discharge into a 100kW+ motor, and charge from a 50kW+ charger.

    The kind of power that consumers could feasibly export into the grid (4-7kW for a few hours) isn't going to degrade them.

    There was a V2G trial before covid by OVO which monitored battery degredation over three years, I think RobL took part, battery degredation wasn't a problem.

    The problem back then was the cost of the bidirectional charge points which were made bespoke. They need to be made in big numbers to get the price down so they will sell in big numbers (typical EV chicken/egg!)

    Interestingly they made more money from 'grid backup services' (eg rapid power-up for a few minutes/seconds during brief gaps in the wind power) than they did from straightforwardly buying/selling off-peak kWh. That is the same market that gas backup power stations occupy. A few minutes of exporting a few kW will not discharge an EV battery measurably.

    The question is how does the householder go about selling that service to the grid, they'd need an expert company to do it for them and remotely control their charger.
    • CommentAuthorRobL
    • CommentTimeJul 23rd 2023
     
    We did take part in the Ovo V2G trial, with a 30kWh Nissan Leaf and a 6kW bidirectional chademo charger provided by Indra. The trial is over, and we’re now with Octopus. We still have the car and charger, it’s now configured as V2H instead. It worked brilliantly during the V2G trial - largely because it was during lockdown so the car was always there! Now Mrs RobL takes it to work most days so it’s not there a lot of the time.
    The significant issues from our perspective are: There’s hardly anybody with the unit, so the software needs more work - it’s currently out of sync and still thinks it’s winter time, trying to charge up in the go cheap slot but missing. There’s no alternative cars that we can use, it’s leaf or nothing I think still. Also the DC cable is dangerous, so has contractors both ends and an actively clamped plug - all of these aspects need power, and I think the static loss is around 100W in addition to any power flow related loss.
    I think V2H/G will go mainstream when the car natively has the capability internally, so the connection is AC. This will reduce the cost of the inverter - there's one in the car anyway for charging, it’s maybe 20% extra cost to make it bidirectional. And the safety aspect is simpler with AC than DC.
    • CommentAuthorphiledge
    • CommentTimeJul 25th 2023 edited
     
    Posted By: RobLWe still have the car and charger, it’s now configured as V2H instead. It worked brilliantly during the V2G trial


    How has it been reconfigured for V2H? Have you had to monitor export and have export limitation or have separate circuits within the house? If it was export limitation was that done within the Indra charger?
    • CommentAuthorRobL
    • CommentTimeJul 25th 2023
     
    Posted By: philedge
    Posted By: RobLWe still have the car and charger, it’s now configured as V2H instead. It worked brilliantly during the V2G trial


    How has it been reconfigured for V2H? Have you had to monitor export and have export limitation or have separate circuits within the house? If it was export limitation was that done within the Indra charger?


    It was installed just over 3 years ago with a current clamp on the main house live tail, and after the trial the charger was given to me. Indra offered to reflash it to V2H- just now they (trial) offer a few different V2H or V2G2H options, generally appropriate for Octopus go or flux. It’s again on trial - Indra want to offer better more useful software services with it, and while I own the hardware and the use of the software is free now, I suspect they want to charge for it ultimately.

    I think the unit is limitted to +/-4kW, rather than an overall house export limit oddly - the symmetric 4 is some sort of device/programming limitation.

    We haven't any separate circuits.

    I think in the next year it will be replaced - we have 4kWp of PV, and I’d another 4kWp to get us to net zero elec(house+heating+car) and I probably cant do that with this charger. And one day we will change car, again reason to change.
   
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