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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
These two books are the perfect starting place to help you get to grips with one of the most vitally important aspects of our society - our homes and living environment.

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    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeNov 5th 2012
     
    Reading through Silver Spray's blog one comes across:

    http://www.silverspray.co.uk/2011/07/25/wood-vs-other-construction-materials/

    Chatting to one developer company, yes wood doesn’t have any thermal mass, but when you are heating (or cooling) the building, you don’t need to also heat (or cool) the physical ‘thermal mass’ structure either.
    I think this is, at best, a half truth. The specific heat capacities (i.e., the amount of heat a given mass of material will store for a particular temperature change) for most building materials tends to be pretty similar, around 1 kJ/(kg·K) plus or minus 20% or so. About the only common materials which are well outside this range are water at 4.2 kJ/(kg·K) and phase change materials like wax, etc, over their phase change temperature range.

    Of course, the density of wood is less than most other stuff used in building so the volumetric heat capacity is lower. On the other hand, you tend to need more of it.

    Also, the thermal conductivity of wood is lower than other non-insulating materials so the volume available to temper the room temperature tends to be less too (see Fostertom's thread on the speed of heat).

    Still, it's my view that appropriately designed wood can contribute to the thermal mass of a house. It's why I intend to use a post and beam structure with rafters exposed inside the house - to give a relatively large volume of wood as directly thermally connected to the house air volume as makes structural sense.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 5th 2012
     
    Somewhere on here is a rather indepth discussion about it all, was about 3 years ago though.

    Yes timber is a good material to build from.
  1.  
    I had a thread on that a while ago which concluded that some dense hardwoods have the same (or higher) volumetric heat capacity as concrete or stone and hence are a good choice for for floors (assuming they're from sustainable sources etc.). Wood is made of cellulose which has a lot of hydrogen-bonded -OH groups which contribute to a pretty high specific heat capacity.

    Paul in Montreal.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeNov 5th 2012
     
    Yes, this table gives quite a wide range for wood going well above the 1 kJ/(kg·K) I mentioned above.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity#Specific_heat_capacity_of_building_materials

    At the top end of the range (2.3 kJ/(kg·K)) the density would also presumably be high. I don't think _dry_ wood is ever denser than water (or at least not by much) so maybe a typical high volumetric heat capacity (VHC) would be 2 MJ/(m³·K). Compare with brick at 0.84 kJ/(kg·K) and, maybe, 2000 kg/m³ so 1.68 MJ/(m³·K).

    Softwoods would be a lot lower VHC but still not wildly out of touch with that of brick.

    Steel's SHC, by the way, is fairly low and so outside the 20% range I mentioned. See the table above that one.
    • CommentAuthorTimber
    • CommentTimeNov 5th 2012
     
    Cross lam buildings with the structure exposed provide quite a decent amount of 'thermal mass' especially when compared to aerated blockwork.
  2.  
    I am currently researching timbers to use for our window construction and am investigating Accoya as a possibility.
    In the process have come across one window manufacturers website claiming that Accoya has improved thermal properties over standard timber, no supporting evidence or comparative species of timber but am wondering if this is possible due to the modified cellulose structure within the timber.
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeNov 6th 2012
     
    Perhaps the process allows a different species of wood to be used without effecting the durability?
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeNov 6th 2012
     
  3.  
    Thanks for the link.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeNov 6th 2012
     
    Interesting. Would be a tad more convincing if they got the units right. However, that's the thermal conductivity, not the heat capacity. Reducing thermal conductivity will also reduce the short-term effect of the thermal mass.
    • CommentAuthormike7
    • CommentTimeNov 6th 2012 edited
     
    Here's an extract from:-
    http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/urban-forests/docs/physical%20properties%20and%20moisture%20relations%20of%20wood.pdf

    "The heat capacity of wood depends on the temperature
    and moisture content of the wood but is practically
    independent of density or species.
    The heat capacity of wood that contains water is greater than
    that of dry wood. Below fiber saturation, it is the sum of the
    heat capacity of the dry wood and that of water (cpw) and an
    additional adjustment factor Ac that accounts for the additional
    energy in the wood–water bond:
    cp = (cp0 + 0.01Mcpw)/(1 + 0.01M) + Ac (3–9)
    where M is moisture content (%). The heat capacity of water
    is about 4.19 kJ/kg·K (1 Btu/lb·°F). The adjustment factor
    can be derived from
    Ac = M(b1 + b2t + b3M) (3–10)
    with b1 = -0.06191, b2 = 2.36 ´ 10-4, and b3 = -1.33 ´ 10-4
    with temperature in kelvins (b1 = -4.23 ´ 10-4,
    b2 = 3.12 ´ 10-5, and b3 = -3.17 ´ 10-5 with temperature in
    °F)."
    • CommentAuthormike7
    • CommentTimeNov 6th 2012
     
    From the same source, more digestible, edited highlights:-
    Table 3–12. Heat capacity of solid wood at selected temperatures and moisture contents
    Temperature °C.. Specific heat (kJ/kg·K:-......Ovendry...... 5% MC ....12% MC.... 20% MC
    7 ........................................................1.2.........1.3 ........ 1.5 ........ 1.7
    17 .......................................................1.2 ........1.4 ........ 1.6 ........ 1.8
    27 .......................................................1.3 ....... 1.4 ........ 1.7 ........ 1.9
    47 .......................................................1.3 ........1.5 ........ 1.8 .........2.0
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