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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
These two books are the perfect starting place to help you get to grips with one of the most vitally important aspects of our society - our homes and living environment.

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    • CommentAuthorTriassic
    • CommentTimeDec 5th 2011
     
    This paper presents average national levelized costs for generating technologies that are brought on line in 20161 as represented in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) as configured for the Annual Energy Outlook 2011 (AEO2011) reference case.2

    Levelized cost is often cited as a convenient summary measure of the overall competiveness of different generating technologies. Levelized cost represents the present value of the total cost of building and operating a generating plant over an assumed financial life and duty cycle, converted to equal annual payments and expressed in terms of real dollars to remove the impact of inflation. Levelized cost reflects overnight capital cost, fuel cost, fixed and variable O&M cost, financing costs, and an assumed utilization rate for each plant type.3 For technologies such as solar and wind generation that have no fuel costs and relatively small O&M costs, levelized cost changes in rough proportion to the estimated overnight capital cost of generation capacity. For technologies with significant fuel cost, both fuel cost and overnight cost estimates significantly affect levelized cost. The availability of various incentives including state or federal tax credits can also impact the calculation of levelized cost. The values shown in the tables below do not incorporate any such incentives. As with any projections, there is uncertainty about all of these factors and their values can vary regionally and across time as technologies evolve.

    http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/electricity_generation.html

    Thought the above paper may be of interest to some of you. Makes Solar and wind look very expensive!!
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 5th 2011
     
    Certainly of interest, but still a matter of laying odds as to what form any future incentives (either to expand or contract existing technologies) will take, so very much a guide to what's possible rather than what's likely.

    And... "The availability of wind or solar will not necessarily correspond to operator dispatched duty cycles and, as a result, their levelized costs are not directly comparable to those for other technologies (even where the average annual capacity factor may be similar)" ... begs the question: Then why include them in the comparison?
    •  
      CommentAuthorDamonHD
    • CommentTimeDec 5th 2011
     
    Because one has to try to normalise numbers to compare them, even if the normalisation is known to be imperfect.

    Rgds

    Damon
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 5th 2011
     
    As in: jump up and down on them?

    Or, my favourite: "If at first you don't succeed, use a bigger hammer" - as in "make them fit"!

    How many times have you heard the expression "apples and pears" on here?

    Not just Pilkington's who deal in grades of opacity then. :wink: :bigsmile:
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    I think it is a useful comparison, even if the methodology is not perfect, as it shows the difficulty of replacing one technology with another.
    One advantage of renewables is that they can be scaled down reasonably well. Or to put it another way, it is hard to build a 4kWp nuclear power station on a foot print of a few square meters while sharing that area with a family of 4 (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wk0WzCtF0yY).
    At least they have tried to quantify the trade off between availability and cost.
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011 edited
     
    Errr...

    http://www.business-in-asia.com/industries/nuclear_power_asia.html

    :wink:

    (Oh, and let's not forget a certain number of submarines. Probably explains the deaths of so many sailors then! :sad:)

    (Oh, and astronauts! :devil:)
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Yes, here is a quote, "Each of the nuclear power plant modules will produce 40,000 kilowatts (40 MegaWatts) of electricity"
    So a factor of 10,000 difference :wink:

    I am all for nuclear, but not so sure about the local electrician having a go at fixing it, or that 'nephew' who knows 'everything about them' and can get it to produce 20% more power. Mate of mine found out how to make his diesel car go faster, he filled it with half a tank of gasoline and drove off, worked a tread for about 20 miles.

    Is there a high correlation of thyroid cancer in submariners?
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Lots to fill your boots with, then! :wink:

    Correlation? Always wary of that word because it apparently doesn't indicate causality! Allegedly. :wink:

    "Cornwall and Aberdeenshire in the United Kingdom have high enough natural radiation levels that nuclear licensed sites cannot be built there  the sites would already exceed legal radiation limits before they opened, and the natural topsoil and rock would all have to be disposed of as low-level nuclear waste."

    Had a look at a website showing incidences of thyroid cancer that far outstrip those associated with having spent time in intimate contact with the reactor driving your sub, so consider myself lucky that I only pass through those places on holiday rather than live there. :cry:
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011 edited
     
    Yes correlation is only really useful as a starting point for investigation and for testing models/data/predictions at the end.

    I have heard the story about not building NRs down here because of the background radiation, still not sure if it is a romantic story or true, if anyone knows of the EIA that definitively answers that I would like the link. I keep telling people that they are going to build one at Hayle and St. Ives will be a wasteland, but that is only as I would like to live there and have less traffic.

    So we have more thyroid cancers here than people that live by a reactor, or the other way around?

    If you only pass through Cornwall on the way to somewhere else, can you tell me if the Scilly's are worth a visit, or you talking about St. Just being 'somewhere else' as in a Tolkien place with two headed babies, wiccans, grey old men and talking trees.
    Oh and rather badly cooked haddock in the chip shop.
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Something like that! :bigsmile:
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    And your family coming from there too :bigsmile:
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Probably why they left! :shocked:
    •  
      CommentAuthorJSHarris
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011 edited
     
    <blockquote><cite>Posted By: SteamyTea</cite>Yes correlation is only really useful as a starting point for investigation and for testing models/data/predictions at the end.

    I have heard the story about not building NRs down here because of the background radiation, still not sure if it is a romantic story or true, if anyone knows of the EIA that definitively answers that I would like the link. I keep telling people that they are going to build one at Hayle and St. Ives will be a wasteland, but that is only as I would like to live there and have less traffic.

    So we have more thyroid cancers here than people that live by a reactor, or the other way around?

    If you only pass through Cornwall on the way to somewhere else, can you tell me if the Scilly's are worth a visit, or you talking about St. Just being 'somewhere else' as in a Tolkien place with two headed babies, wiccans, grey old men and talking trees.
    Oh and rather badly cooked haddock in the chip shop.</blockquote>

    I can confirm that the background radiation level in parts of West Cornwall is fairly high. I started life as a chemist, working at what was then the Radiochemical Centre, a part of Harwell and the old UK Atomic Energy Authority. One weekend I "borrowed" a Geiger–Müller counter from work and took it home. Walking around Porkellis moor there were granite outcrops that were off the scale on the counter and so would have been unsafe in terms of a place to work, even back in those pre-H&SAW Act times, by a considerable margin. Similarly, I got hold of a spare film badge (the things we all had to wear at work to record our exposure to radiation) and left it on my mothers mantelpiece for a week. When I retrieved it and took it back to work the Health Physics people reckoned the badge had clocked up around 9 weeks worth of safe exposure in one week..........
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    And how old is she now Jeremy? :wink:
    •  
      CommentAuthorJSHarris
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    83, still running the farm and playing tennis once or twice a week in summer, badminton in winter.................
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011 edited
     
    I last played Badminton in '83 :bigsmile:

    Still after an official report though.

    Not much radiation today (towards France), lots of wind and rain though. Think I may go to Portreath to 'taste the spray', probably a much bigger health hazard :sad:
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    83? Right, where's my nearest reactor? :cool:
    •  
      CommentAuthorDamonHD
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    My late uncle, when he was chief counsel for the CEGB, had figures (IIRC) that showed that deaths from *all* causes were lower for workers at nuke plants than the general population.

    Rgds

    Damon
    •  
      CommentAuthorJSHarris
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    <blockquote><cite>Posted By: DamonHD</cite>My late uncle, when he was chief counsel for the CEGB, had figures (IIRC) that showed that deaths from *all* causes were lower for workers at nuke plants than the general population.

    Rgds

    Damon</blockquote>

    I strongly suspect that one reason for this is the health monitoring that nuclear establishments have. Back when I worked for UKAEA in the early 70's we had weekly urine testing, monthly thyroid scans and general medicals (including blood tests) every 6 months. The chances are that with this level of health screening serious diseases might well be picked up earlier than within the general population, with the chance of a better outcome to treatment.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Posted By: DamonHDMy late uncle, when he was chief counsel for the CEGB, had figures (IIRC) that showed that deaths from *all* causes were lower for workers at nuke plants than the general population.


    What's the “general population� Everybody or a sample of the population matched for age, income, location (e.g., rural/town), education, smoking habits, ...?
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Data Stratification, I just love it.

    DECC could do a chart about it. Ben Goldacre writes about it :cool:
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeDec 7th 2011
     
    Was there not a report out today about health and lifestyles.
    All I can remember was that smoking is bad, as is excessive drinking. But women being overweight is OK, men must eat more fruit.

    I have no idea who sponsored it but let us just say a supermarket did. I know that fags are sold as lost leaders, and some drink it.
    So but pointing out to women that being a bit large is not harmful they may spend more on food, which has a good mark up and less on cheap booze and fags.

    Run that through the ' The Paradox of the Ravens' and see Karl Popper twist an turn
    :wink:
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