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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
These two books are the perfect starting place to help you get to grips with one of the most vitally important aspects of our society - our homes and living environment.

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    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016 edited
     
    Posted By: barneyI'd rather have a few hundred PV's in a field under single point control rather than the same number randomly dotted on roofs
    technically maybe but visually and environmentally, exactly the opposite.
    PVs on roofs are fine, not nasty like other pervasive modernity - widened roads, no grassy verges, street lights, traffic, noise.
    Turbines are usually elegant, counterpoint the landscape.
    PV farms are ugly, utilitarian, cluelessly ignore opportunity to repond 'architecturally' to contours, boundaries etc, sterilise swathes of often top grade agriculture.
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    I think the distinction of where the "grid" stops Ed, is the 132kV interface boundary - DNO's have control of the secondary transmission and primary and secondary distribution.

    National grid controls everything above that level - ie primary transmission (and historically, generation)

    Regards

    Barney
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Well, I guess we disagree again Tom

    PV on roofs are often the ugliest thing around

    PV in farms, often screened by hedgerows aligned for optimum energy capture on agricultural land deemed of low value (otherwise the developers wouldn't build them) and clearly of a short term (or at least recyclable) nature don't bother me at all - I find them a good visual indicator of our move to greener energy.

    There is a circa 5MW system being installed about 1 km from me - apart from a bit of short term noise when they knocked in the frames and a local road dug up for a transformer connection to the local 33kV system it's had no disruptive effect and there is plenty of wildlife in evidence making good use of the various bits of it

    Practically, they are far more useful "en mass" as we then have opportunity to use the energy in a variety of ways, under control. It's easy to see that we can remove them 25 years hence (if required)

    I guess we need to recognise that planning policy doesn't help - every one of these is a battle of wills between the developer and the LA in my experience - I just love to see the green party people roll up to the consultations complaining bitterly because it's in their back yard

    Regards

    Barney
  1.  
    Given that there are many HVDC schemes of more than Hinkley C's proposed 3.2 GW, it seems implausible that Hinkley's turbines would be essential for stability.

    Brazil installed two of 3.15 GW (basically a Hinkley C each) from Itaipu to near Sao Paulo in the 1980s, so it's not necessarily cutting-edge technology.

    China is now up to 8 GW, with the Xinjiang-Anhui project under development variously reported as 10 or 12 GW. Also I don't think the US NOAA would have published a study promoting the use of HVDC to better and more economically transmit electricity around the USA to allow greater penetration of cheaper renewables if the technical issues were really such a challenge. This is really a political, planning, commercial etc challenge rather than a technical one in my opinion.

    Ed
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: barneycomplaining bitterly because it's in their back yard
    it's called local Stewardship or similar - you'd prefer indifference from the population? - 'the experts know best'.
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Not at all Tom - it's called double standards or not practising what you preach - It's easier to fight for ideals than live by them in my experience

    We have a large energy division in the company I work for - which means I spend some time at consultations talking generally through and about proposed schemes for all and anyone interested - for me, the more engagement the better actually

    It is a truly amazing experience - at a site near the M3 where we were acting for a developer planning an energy from waste plant a particular noisy group of activists were constantly banging on about the air quality - so we measured it at a number of points (including very near the homes of a few of the noisiest bunch, although unknown to them)

    Given the proximity of the M3, it wasn't brilliant - we brought in one of our experts who demonstrated that due to the strict (and correctly so) environmental limits on the plant emissions, we would actually be cleaning the local air not polluting it

    Needless to say, the objectors weren't convinced and obtained their own expert - who basically said the same thing although his report was never presented

    So - it's a snake and mongoose procedure - hardly they way to be developing a long term energy policy for the UK

    Regards

    Barney
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    I think we are at cross purposes , Ed

    HVDC interconnects work just fine, and they will be increasingly essential for shifting power around

    My point however is they tend to connect areas of stable grids with a reasonable amount of high inertia generation - to which they can easily synchronise

    They don't usually land in a region that is itself dominated by invertor based technology

    Regards

    Barney
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    In central England we are building million square foot warehouses all over the place. Not one has PV on the roof as far as I can tell. If I was running the show I'd want to fix that as it seems daft not to use such large roof spaces.
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    The funders don't like them as it ties people into FITS agreements and they see that as a risk to the "mortgage"

    I know of several that have complex "removal and making good" agreements if the roofs were ever let on a rent a roof basis or for an occupier tenant installation - which broadly denies the installation in practice

    Practically, there is also a weight issue

    That said, It wouldn't be that difficult to impose a requirement that every commercial roof exceeding xxm2, should have them (or that the facility should provide an equivalent energy saving by design - not easy in an ambient shed)

    Given that we tend to "cluster" these kind of buildings, they would make a useful "node" to provide a defined "feed in" under control

    Regards

    Barney
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    .
      IfRomans.jpg
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016 edited
     
    http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37020651

    "If construction was delayed until 2019 when a similar reactor will be up and running (fingers crossed) at Flamanville in France, the cost of financing the project would fall dramatically.

    With a working example, EDF could secure cheaper loans with government guarantees rather than self finance through costly equity.

    That would reduce the threat to EDF's finances, appease the French unions and lower the guaranteed price of the electricity produced from Ă‚ÂŁ92.50 to Ă‚ÂŁ75 per megawatt hour - a big saving for UK taxpayers. "
    • CommentAuthorringi
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    China already has their design up and running.....
  2.  
    <blockquote><cite>Posted By: ringi</cite>China already has their design up and running.....</blockquote>

    Always want to take what is happening in China with a pinch of salt. Its really difficult finding out any real hard facts.

    http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2016/06/03/468176/Cover-up-Leaked.htm
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: barneyPractically, they are far more useful "en mass" as we then have opportunity to use the energy in a variety of ways, under control.
    In what way would your example 5 MW system be “under control” in a way that the ones on people's roofs aren't? Are they able to be curtailed, for example? Seems unlikely to me for just 5 MW.
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    So we could spend the saving on windmills with a strike price way over Ă‚ÂŁ140MWh, Tom - and then continue to pay as we can only use about 70% of the generation anyway as we can't move it from where it's generated to where it's needed ?

    https://lowcarboncontracts.uk/cfds

    Barney
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016 edited
     
    Posted By: djhYou can't make [some/many] short-term decisions without a long-term plan and I think the best long-term plan is in many cases a matter of belief rather than 'evidence-based logic' at least until the plan is part-way developed. Hence the fundamental need for good leaders.
    You can make short-term decisions with a general idea of a long-term plan but without nailing everything down in detail. E.g., you can look at things like CAT's Zero Carbon Britain studies and so on and conclude that some mix of generation, grid, storage, demand management and so on technologies could lead us to a very low-carbon energy system. You can then make moves in that general direction while more details emerge as to what the actual mix of technologies will be and as the general idea spreads.

    In 1945 practically nobody had central heating in their houses. Now it's almost considered essential. Who was the “good leader” who made that happen?
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: Ed DaviesYou can make short-term decisions with a general idea of a long-term plan but without nailing everything down in detail. E.g., you can look at things like CAT's Zero Carbon Britain studies and so on and conclude that some mix of generation, grid, storage, demand management and so on technologies could lead us to a very low-carbon energy system. You can then make moves in that general direction while more details emerge as to what the actual mix of technologies will be and as the general idea spreads.

    Exactly. To do that, you need to believe that (a) the CAT studies are 'good' and desirable and that (b) the small moves are indeed aligned with the studies. Convincing people that such steps are worth doing, without spending years and years in reviews and committees and WHY is what the likes of Churchill and Lee were good at. (Likewise to some extent Stalin, Hitler and Mao unfortunately).
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    In what way would your example 5 MW system be “under control” in a way that the ones on people's roofs aren't? Are they able to be curtailed, for example? Seems unlikely to me for just 5 MW.

    I'm sure you can think of a few scenarios where a "collected" but intermittent 5MW systems as opposed to a random collection of intermittent 5MW can be usefully deployed, Ed

    I can think of a few that might allow them to be installed without significant "off site" reinforcement costs as a starting point.

    Regards

    Barney
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: Ed DaviesIn 1945 practically nobody had central heating in their houses. Now it's almost considered essential. Who was the “good leader” who made that happen?

    Sorry, didn't notice this bit. I'd put the date later than 1945 but I agree that 1945 is fundamental to how it developed. It's a different kind of phenomenon, AFAIK. Grassroots led, there wasn't any kind of plan. Just people's desire and ability to procure some comfort afer the war.
    • CommentAuthorbillt
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    The universality of CH is a lot more complicated than being grassroots led. It's only grassroots led in the sense that the universality of computer based devices, or even grid distributed electricity are grass roots led.

    Widespread adoption of CH depended on technical developments in the form of small bore pipework in combination with relatively cheap pressed steel radiators, small pumps and low output boilers. Of course, it also depended on a widespread gas distribution network. Once these were in place CH installations in small houses became practical . With reduced costs and the increased affluence of the 60s created the boom in CH installations. The only grassroots involvement was the welcoming of clean affordable whole house heating when it became possible, IOW the grassroots followed, as is their wont.

    CH was installed in a few small houses pre-war. When we moved into our current house it still had the (non-functional) 1930s partial CH system; about half a dozen cast iron radiators with large bore pipework using convection to move the heat around.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: barneyI'm sure you can think of a few scenarios where a "collected" but intermittent 5MW systems as opposed to a random collection of intermittent 5MW can be usefully deployed, Ed
    Not really. The 5 MW system isn't going to be curtailed so it's just going to export to the “grid” (local network) and claim the FITs. There's no financial incentive to do anything else - e.g., electricity to gas.

    In principle it could be controlled (curtailed) by the grid operators. But with the current system it won't be. In the same way that, in principle, it could be given phase information to help stabilize the grid but with the current system it won't be.

    Lots of 4 kW PV systems could also be given phase information but that would, I admit, be harder (though not impossible). To that extent you have a good point for centralizing PV but it does seem rather limited.

    It'd be interesting to know how some of the islanded networks (like the literally islanded one on Eigg, which only uses diesel generation very intermittently now, being mostly powered by hydro, wind, PV, and battery inverters) are stabilized. My understanding is that for very small AC-coupled off-grid systems (like Paul Camilli's, @camillitech on here) it's the inverter/charger on the batteries that sets the basic nominal 50 Hz cycle and phase. My assumption would be that it's the same on Eigg but I'm not sure.
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Oh - I thought we were talking the potential future, Ed - currently why would we bother with anything other than what we currently do I agree

    If hydro is involved I guess it's pretty stable - although any interruption would certainly drop out a lot of invertor systems - that's assuming an ESQCR system

    Battery driven Invertors would be stable in the minutes to hours bracket as the input source isn't variable

    Barney
  3.  
    From what I see over here the Chinese seem to be muttering all sorts of threats if HC is delayed..........I wonder why they are so keen to get a commitment and quick start. When the salesmen/financiers start getting pushey it is probably time to back off and rethink the why.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: billtWidespread adoption of CH depended on technical developments in the form of small bore pipework in combination with relatively cheap pressed steel radiators, small pumps and low output boilers.
    Umm, yes. That's my point. Did people develop those for no reason or did they have some idea that heating lots of houses better might be a good idea (something people would pay for)? Engineers then were consciously working towards a change to society without the Prime Minster or anybody issuing a 5-year plan.

    Compare with the Great Leader (well, the great leader's boffins) who came up (in 1943) with the BS 1363 plug and the ring final circuit on the assumption that post-war the UK would have lots of nuclear electricity (for cheap heating) but not much copper to distribute it with. An alternative attempt to push society in a particular direction which happened, for reasons relevant to this thread, not to work out too well in practice.

    In both cases we have people who have a vague idea of what could be better and go to work on some details in the hope that that'll catalyse change. Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. But even when it doesn't fully you still get benefits: by brother's Italian partner was amazed that you could run so much electrics simultaneously in a UK kitchen; she's used to not being able to use the kettle when the cooker's on and so forth. Difference between a distribution network set up to deliver 3 or 6 kW to a household and one built with the assumption that each room will have a 3 kW heater in it.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: barneyOh - I thought we were talking the potential future, Ed - currently why would we bother with anything other than what we currently do I agree
    I have to say that I'm having a hard time keeping track of what we're discussing as you keep making points based on assuming current systems.

    Posted By: barneyIf hydro is involved I guess it's pretty stable - although any interruption would certainly drop out a lot of invertor systems - that's assuming an ESQCR system
    Their hydro doesn't work much in the summer. Don't assume an ESQCR system - it's the inverters which control their grid (setting the frequency, phase and voltage) - that's a point I'm trying to get over: that inverters can do that.
    • CommentAuthorbarney
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    I'm not doubting that - I use plenty of invertors as part of the day job for frequency changing speed control through to UPS support and for generation purposes - in my experience we probably wouldn't want a large scale grid running from them without some high inertia sources for stability if we want to increasing the deployment in the current fashion of principally adding them to distribution systems in relatively uncontrolled fashion

    Which is the point of the alternative approaches if HPC is dead discussions I guess

    Regards

    Barney
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Still trying to keep up.
    Re Gas: The USA was using town gas from the 1940's, so there was a good chance that many service people, politicians and engineers knew of the benefits. This may well have driven demand for the system.

    And from good old Wikipedia:
    "By the 1960s, manufactured gas, compared with its main rival in the energy market, electricity, was considered "nasty, smelly, dirty and dangerous" (to quote market research of the time) and seemed doomed to lose market share still further, except for cooking where its controllability gave it marked advantages over both electricity and solid fuel. The development of more efficient gas fires assisted gas to resist competition in the market for room heating. Concurrently a new market for whole house central heating by hot water was being developed by the oil industry and the gas industry followed suit. Gas warm air heating found a market niche in new local authority housing where low installation costs gave it an advantage. These developments, the realignment of managerial thinking away from commercial management (selling what the industry produced) to marketing management (meeting the needs and desires of customers) and the lifting of an early moratorium preventing nationalised industries from using television advertising, saved the gas industry for long enough to provide a viable market for what was to come."
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeAug 9th 2016
     
    Posted By: billtThe universality of CH is a lot more complicated than being grassroots led. It's only grassroots led in the sense that the universality of computer based devices, or even grid distributed electricity are grass roots led.

    I think the electricity grid is the odd one out there. The other two didn't have a big plan.

    Widespread adoption of CH depended on technical developments in the form of small bore pipework in combination with relatively cheap pressed steel radiators, small pumps and low output boilers. Of course, it also depended on a widespread gas distribution network.

    Well, the gas network was widespread long before CH, and copper pipes were available pre-war as were gas water heaters. I don't know much about pump and boiler history but I'll guess that pumps especially developed a lot during the war. Pressed steel radiators I believe were produced in volume because of the demand, plus available industrial metal bashing capability after the war and government support for the steel industry. So I still believe it was to a large extent consumer led, as is the computer industry. Sure there is technical development but there isn't a need for a grand strategy in the way that is needed for electricity supply or for dealing with climate change.
    • CommentAuthormike7
    • CommentTimeAug 10th 2016
     
    • CommentAuthoratomicbisf
    • CommentTimeAug 10th 2016
     
    CH was an evolutionary development I think and probably not reliant on a single breakthrough. For example BISF houses built in the 1946-50 era had an early version of CH though it was pretty primitive by modern standards.

    There was some sort of coal or possibly gas stove in the fireplace which circulated hot water by gravity through a single radiator (!) each upstairs and downstairs. The radiators were cast iron and the pipes probably large diameter steel.

    Architects plans showed a 'slow burning coal stone's but when I took the fireplace out here there was an original gas pipe so it's possible that it was switched to gas between the first design and build.

    Of course large buildings like schools and hospitals, mansions etc would have had similar systems long before but it was probably some of the first mass domestic use of CH.

    Ed
   
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