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    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    If my exploration of the drawing is right then both airflows are straight through - each of the flat airspaces in each path are in parallel. When I'd previously looked at plate exchangers I'd assumed that the flow wiggled through each of the layers in turn - airspaces in series. Have I got it wrong? Parallel certainly makes the construction a lot simpler.

    ST: have you given any thought to drainage? If the HR is working properly you should be getting condensation otherwise you're wasting quite a bit of latent heat in the outgoing air.

    I'm not convinced that metal is justified for the plates. Though a plastic material will have a higher resistivity the layers are so thin that it doesn't really matter. The lowest conductivity for a solid (not foamed/expanded) plastic given in:

    http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html

    is 0.1 W/(m·K) for polypropylene. A 2 mm thick sheet would have a U-value of 50 W/(m²·K). Air-to-surface interfaces tend to have U-values of around 10 W/(m²·K), or at least something like half to double that, depending on the orientation and airflow. Even at 20 W/(m²·K) for each of the two interfaces with the plastic we have thermal resistances:

    Air/plastic: 0.05 m²·K/W.
    Plastic: 0.02 m²·K/W
    Plastic/air: 0.05 m²·K/W

    Total: 0.12 m²·K/W

    so the plastic only contributes one sixth of the total resistance. And 2 mm is probably a bit thick.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Posted By: Ed DaviesHave I got it wrong? Parallel certainly makes the construction a lot simpler.

    No you have it right and it was just for ease of construction/cheapness. Turbulence takes care of the rest.

    Posted By: Ed Davieshave you given any thought to drainage?

    Yes I have, MkII will have drainage, already thought of how to do it, basically kant the unit so that the water drains to a corner, small pipe to drain it out. I put RH sensor is on the first test but the RH levels were so low that it was not worth investigating further. Got the second fan now so will be rigging it up later.

    Posted By: Ed DaviesI'm not convinced that metal is justified for the plates

    Was just available quickly and cheaply, PP is a good material and is a lot lighter. Glueing is harder by silicone should do it fine. Would not need painting as well, so save time/cost there. I prefer plastic. Thinner the better and can easily have a texture/design vac formed into it if wanting to add in more turbulence.

    Really just a bit of fun, but one that makes for an easy experiment that can save something for very little.
    Going to have to try and work out airflow before I start the next test and plug in the kWh meter.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012 edited
     
    My plan is a very tall vertical flow exchanger in the porch area of the house. Connections to and from the house on each side at the top. Inlet from outside or, experimentally, from the greenhouse at the side at the bottom. Outflow just straight out the bottom (completely open) with a drip tray with drain underneath.

    Easy disassembly for cleaning is, I think, a must.
    •  
      CommentAuthorJSHarris
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Looks interesting and worth playing with further. That corrugated plastic stuff so beloved by Estate Agents for signs (Correx) should work well, I'd have thought, although you'd probably need a big stack of sheets to get the flow resistance down to an acceptable level. You could probably recycle used signs as a source of heat exchanger material.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    I was thinking of making filters from reticulated foam sheet (or kitchen scourers), I used to make filters for mining and performance air filters for cars, there is nothing special about them.
    What I like to find out is the performance per £ compared to bought units.

    Ed
    I cannot see any reason why a heat exchanger cannot be tall and thin, vertical or horizontal (allowing for drainage). The commercial units do seem a little constricted on design. Mentioned on another thread about fitting them between first floor floor and ground floor ceiling void (or any storey really) and between the roof timbers. It is really all down to surface area. Commercial ones seem to be about packing as much surface area into as small a space as possible regardless of cost.
    • CommentAuthorrvb99
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Parallel flow through the layers seems to be the norm for most good systems with plate spacing of a few milimetres. Often the plates are embossed to improve turbulance. The main issue for efficiency is related to whether you have cross or counter flow, which of course also has an impact on the compactness of the system. If I understand correctly @SteamyTea's design is counter flow.

    http://www.klingenburg-usa.com/products/cf-plate-heat-exchanger.html
    • CommentAuthorrvb99
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Posted By: JSHarrisLooks interesting and worth playing with further. That corrugated plastic stuff so beloved by Estate Agents for signs (Correx) should work well, I'd have thought, although you'd probably need a big stack of sheets to get the flow resistance down to an acceptable level. You could probably recycle used signs as a source of heat exchanger material.


    There is homemade one using just this on one of my earlier links - http://www.autoconstruction.info/techniques/energie-chauffage-isolation/la-fabrication-d-un-recuperateur - a block of 86 sheets 32cmx32cmx0.03cm , giving a surface area of around 18m2.

    regs
    Richard
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Well the new fan with a timer is on, loggers in place, so in 24 hours of so I should have more data.
    • CommentAuthorRobL
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Hi ST - the filter in my unit is made out of what seems to be a 300mm*200mm piece of white grease filter, used in cooker hood extractors. Its big so the air pressure drop across is it small. It's held rigid with a wire frame. You can buy big sheets of the stuff from ebay for £10.
    As to the heat exchanger material - I agree that thin plastic is top. Its easy to get plastic thin enough to have a high enough U value that it transfers the heat. With copper or aluminium, you'll find the loss along the length of the plate will be high - and this is loss, coupling from hot to cold end of the exchanger. Thin steel is prob ok, being low conductivity... I see you painted it to stop rust :-)
    Efficient fans may be quite hard to source - the ones in ours are centrifugal type, and quite big.
    I think Viking house have it right by integrating humidity and CO2 sensors Inside, and controlling using these.
    I have to say, that the better MVHR units are £1000+, and theres not a lot inside the box. It's all know- how and low supply&demand keeping the price high.
    Luck !
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 25th 2012
     
    Bit of a disaster, one of the fans fell off.
    Starting the logging again.
    •  
      CommentAuthorDamonHD
    • CommentTimeFeb 25th 2012
     
    That's called 'technical experience' and 'observations' and beats a pure theoretical approach hands (well, blades in your case) down...

    Rgds

    Damon
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 25th 2012
     
    Over the years I have had many, many experiments go wrong, sometimes I repeat the same error. I am just building up to make a perpetual motion machine really, I am sure if I can make it just a little bigger it will work :wink:
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeFeb 25th 2012 edited
     
    Posted By: SteamyTeaI am sure if I can make it just a little bigger it will work

    Or I have this nice bridge. I'm sure your machine will work better if you buy my bridge and install your machine on it :devil:
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 25th 2012 edited
     
    Not everything was lost. I managed to get data from the hot wet side. Shows that when the fans are on that the temp and RH change. The temp going down and the RH going up.
      Second Test.jpg
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 27th 2012
     
    Right
    Done the RH chart for a full 24 hours.
    Data sampled every 1 minutes then averaged to 6 minute intervals.
      RH 26-02-2012.jpg
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 27th 2012
     
    Same but the Temperature
      Temperature Change 26-02-2012.jpg
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012 edited
     
    Had a fiddle about with the number and this is what seems to be happening. It is more a reflection on how often the unit is used, rather than an ultimate efficiency, or in English, real life.
    I changed the efficiency calculation to better reflect what we want to know (it is temperature based not energy based, I have to find a way to work out the mass air flow yet, the fan manufacturer claims up to 85m^3.h^-1)
    The efficiency is now calculated using the difference between the cold air entering and exiting the unit divided by the hot air entering the unit.
    The time fraction (blue line) is just how often, and at what temperature, the air is entering the unit over the 24 hour test period. So for 0.4 (40%, 9 hours 40 minutes) of the time the air is between 17 and 17.5°C, 0.1of the time between 18 and 18.5°C. Two important numbers here are the mean temperature 17.8°C and the modal temperature 17.1°C. They describe the temperature entering the unit from the bathroom.
    From the charts above you can see that during the night the temperature is lower and the fan is not on at all.
    From this I can deduce that the mean efficiency of the unit is 0.15 (15%). I shall try running another test with the unit on for a couple of hours to see if this is confirmed.
    If it is assumed that the fans can deliver 50% of there maximum 45m^3.h^-1, then the mass of air that is shifted is 50 kg.h^-1, with a mean temperature increase of 2.7°C. That works out at 0.9 kWh.day^-1 saved.
      Efficency.jpg
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012
     
    Posted By: SteamyTea
    I changed the efficiency calculation to better reflect what we want to know (it is temperature based not energy based, I have to find a way to work out the mass air flow yet, the fan manufacturer claims up to 85m^3.h^-1)


    The difference between temperature and energy efficiency is not just a matter of mass flow but also of latent heat in the water vapour.


    The efficiency is now calculated using the difference between the cold air entering and exiting the unit divided by the hot air entering the unit.


    I'm sure you know what you mean but I find your terminology in a lot of these posts rather ambiguous. E.g., "cold air ... exiting" could (should?) mean exhaust air being vented to the outside but I suspect (but am not sure) that you mean it as inlet air entering the house. It'd be really helpful if you'd be a little clearer on this.

    As you wrote this it seems like you're dividing a temperature difference (“difference between the cold air entering and exiting the unit”) by an actual temperature (“hot air entering the unit”). If so, that doesn't seem right. Consider what would happen if you switched to the Fahrenheit or Kelvin scales or any other scale with a different zero point — the efficiency would change.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012 edited
     
    Your right Ed, I should be more precise, pure laziness on my behalf.
    I had not thought about the scale (and I usually use Kelvin, so may redo it and see what what happens. I was getting some great efficiency figures when I used the old 'toolbox' equation for the efficiency, sometimes over 100%, so knew that could not be right.
    Got it set up again and leaving it running for a couple of hours to see if it makes more sense. What I can say is that it does heat up the incoming air and if the temperature is right it condenses out the water.

    Just for reference:
    Hot In is from the bathroom to the exchanger
    Hot out is from the exchanger to outside
    Cold In is from outside to the exchanger
    Cold Out is from the exchanger to the room

    Had a quickish google about and I just cannot find a standard way of referring to the ins and outs of a heat exchanger :sad:
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012
     
    "What I can say is that it does heat up the incoming air and if the temperature is right it condenses out the water." :bigsmile:

    Ah, how simple life used to be before we had to quantify everything to prove that something was doing a job.

    When I made the water turbine to power a row of reversing lights to illuminate a friend's drive at his remote cottage, it was a case of: "Yup, we have light." Then all up to the pub to celebrate and see if it was all still working when we got back. :smoking:
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012 edited
     
    I tend to go along with that sentiment, but it is possibly the reason that we have a dreadful housing stock.
    Lets face it, this forum cannot agree on much, be it EWI vs IWI, Heatstores or not, high or low thermal mass, manure or chemicals. The list goes on. :confused:

    By posting results and methods up, errors can be highlighted. What it is all about.
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012
     
    Dreadful housing stock because nothing new was ever tried, whether measured for accurate fit to five places of decimals or not. Just an evolutionary system of more of the same made easier, not better. :cry:
  1.  
    ''When I made the water turbine to power a row of reversing lights''. If you put the lights on forward did the wheel go the other way? :)
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012 edited
     
    Posted By: Nick ParsonsIf you put the lights on forward did the wheel go the other way? :)
    :cool: Sucked out all the CO2 from the atmosphere as well.

    Now back to business.
    Run the unit for a couple of hours and things seem to make a lot more sense. So gone back the the efficiency calculation I originally used (the one here http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/heat-recovery-efficiency-d_201.html ), though I am still not sure if this is the best one to use.
    Have noticed that my 'Cold In' temperature is a fair bit higher than from the local weather station (it is about 10 miles away). This could be a local topology difference, or my pipe is sucking in air from the loft (so going to try it again after checking).
    The reason that is rises after 13:45 PM is because the fans go off and and the temperatures between the plates and either end of the plates equalises (I think). So anything on the second half of the efficiency chart can be disregarded.
    My house has a volume of about 140 m^3, the heat exchangers has a surface area of 20 m^2, the fans are 85m^3.h^-1 (two of them, one pushing out heat the other pushing out the warmed cold).
    Not sure how well it will scale up, and not got any metal plates left to try it out, suppose I could make it smaller and see what happens.

    Does anyone know of any tables/formula for working out heat exchanger surface area and flow rates for house volumes?

    Anyway, here are the charts:
     
      Temperature.jpg
      Relative Humidity.jpg
      Efficiency.jpg
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeFeb 29th 2012
     
    Oooooooh. :winkkiss:
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeFeb 29th 2012 edited
     
    Right, done what I think will be the final test on this first unit (apart from establishing the mass air flow) and it seems that it is around 50% efficient (on temperatures anyway, be different on energy if the outflow is greater than the inflow).
    I checked the inlet pipe (from outside) and it was fine, seems that I am significantly warmer here than the weather station. Oddly enough when I drive home from work that way I often notice that it is 2-3°C lower there than at home.

    This test was running the unit for a couple of hours or so. 18:20 to 20:50 on the 28th and 07:27 to 09:23 on the 29th. The test on the 28th was with the bathroom door open and was just drawing in the house air, today's test was with a hot bath (about 80lt at 40°C) that was emptied about 15 minutes later and the bathroom door was kept shut for the rest of the test.
    Efficiencies where 0.45 (45%) and 0.53 (53%) respectively.
    Not bad for a first attempt and about £100.

    Now the charts, there are a few of them.
    28th first, then 29th ones:
     
     
      Temp 28th.jpg
      RH 28th.jpg
      Efficiency 28th.jpg
      Temp 29th.jpg
      RH 29th.jpg
      Efficiency 29th.jpg
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeApr 9th 2012 edited
     
    Right, MkII is up and running, even made a small video of it for you all. Please excuse the raspy voice, its always like that, especially after a cold.
    It is uploading to UTwitFace or whatever it is, and will be fully loaded later all going well.
    Here is the link:
    http://youtu.be/F6XMp5AfitU

    Only got as far as a quick chart, not worked out any efficiencies yet, shall try and do a longer test tomorrow.
      Chart 1.jpg
    • CommentAuthorJoiner
    • CommentTimeApr 10th 2012
     
    All good stuff.

    ("Raspy voice"? Fags? :bigsmile:)

    (And all with the FABULOUS bonus of Jinxy Jwow as a follow-on act. Thank you, thank you, thank you.)
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeApr 10th 2012
     
    Having watched Jinxy now I have had an attack of the Vapour and I am Turning Japanese, I really think so.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeApr 10th 2012
     
    Just done a quick efficiency calculation over the test period and it is 44%. Remember that this is a bathroom fan so cycles a bit. Quite pleased with that.
   
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